Skin Condition

AK Dermatologist hong kong

Actinic Keratosis

    Actinic keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis, is a common precancerous skin condition caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. It typically appears as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face, ears, scalp, neck, backs of hands, and forearms. These patches can range in color from skin-toned to reddish-brown and can vary in size from a tiny spot to several centimeters in diameter. The main cause of actinic keratosis is cumulative sun exposure over time. UV radiation damages the skin's DNA, leading to abnormal cell growth and the development of AK lesions. People with fair skin, light-colored eyes, and a history of frequent sun exposure are at higher risk of developing AK. Additionally, individuals with weakened immune systems, such as organ transplant recipients are also at increased risk.

    Symptoms of actinic keratosis can vary but often include:

      Rough, scaly patches on the skin
      Itching or burning in the affected area
      Changes in color or texture of the skin
      Sometimes, the patches can be tender or painful when touched
      Actinic cheilitis, a specific form of AK that affects the lips, may cause dryness, cracking, and scaling of the lips

    Treatment for actinic keratosis aims to remove the lesions and reduce the risk of progression to skin cancer.
    Common treatment options include:


    Cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen freezing):

    Liquid nitrogen is applied to the AK lesion, freezing and destroying the abnormal cells. It is a quick procedure with minimal discomfort, and low risk of scarring. Usually multiple sessions may be needed for complete clearance. Not suitable for large or thick lesions.

    Laser therapy:

    Using laser to precisely target and destroy AK cells. It is effective for large or resistant lesions with minimal damage to surrounding skin. It may cause temporary redness, swelling, or crusting. Multiple sessions may be needed. Not suitable for all types of AK.

    Surgical excision:

    This procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia to minimize discomfort. The dermatologist carefully cuts out the AK lesion along with a small margin of surrounding healthy skin to ensure complete removal. Depending on the size and location of the lesion, the wound may be closed with stitches. Surgical removal is often recommended for larger or more stubborn AK lesions that have not responded to other treatments. Regular follow-up visits are essential to monitor for recurrence.

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